A signal can also suffer impairments from internal sources. The transmitter, PCB traces, connectors, and cables will introduce interference that will degrade a signal both in its amplitude and timing. By using an oscilloscope to create an eye diagram, engineers can quickly evaluate system performance and gain insight into the nature of channel imperfections that can lead to errors when a receiver tries to interpret the value of a bit.Ī serial digital signal can suffer impairments as it travels from a transmitter to a receiver. Because today’s serial data links operate at gigahertz transmission frequencies, a host of variables can affect the integrity of signals, including transmission-line effects, impedance mismatches, signal routing, termination schemes, and grounding schemes. Accelerating data rates, greater design complexity, standards requirements, and shorter cycle times put greater demand on design engineers to debug complex signal integrity issues as early as possible.
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